Electric cable.



J. H. OUNTZ. ELECTRIC CABLE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 29, 1901. 977,71 3. Patented Dec. 6, 1910.

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J. H. GUNTZ. ELECTRIC CABLE. APPLICATION FILED MAB.29,1901.

Patented Dec. 6, 1910.

2 sums-sum 2.

JoHANNE's H. fcuurz, or HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRIC CABLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 6, 1910.

Application filed March 29, 1901. Serial No. 53,476.

T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OHANNES H. CUNTZ, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Hoboken, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Electric .Cables, of which the following is a specifiground cab1es,,thecapacity and the resist-,

ance are primarily instrumental in producing attenuation, while the capacity causes the line sufiiciently to substantially or partly, 1 g as the" case may demand, counteract theef- 'fects of the distributed capacity or the line.

I 4'0 As electric lines of this sort may beused.

distortion also. .On such lines the capacity is substantially uniformly distributed along their'length.

. My invention relates to the construction of cables tor-wholly or in art counteractiiigithe effects of the capacity. These constructions of cable are such as would be used in the actual embodiment in systems of long. d stance transmission of electrical waves.

In order to apply my system of long distanceelectric wave transmission my prime object is to increase the inductance of in various ways, as submarine, underground or aerial, the capacity which it is necessary to counteract varies accordingly and between very wide limits. In the case of submarine cables there is large capacity which,

therefore, demands a'la-rge amount of inductance, particularly where the length of such cables is great. By my construction a cable can be produced with aninductance as large as may be required for thegiven condit1oi1s, and what 1s more important, the

M nnie. echanically simp e and commercially amount can h e predetermined and the dimensions of theelements or my cable so ad'- jnsted as to secure the roper amount in a eable. I am aware that there have been suggestions of constructions intended to increase inductance in a line, but which invariably do not show means whereby such inductance can -be sufiiciently increased for my purpose; or such constructions haveinvolved defects which would prevent successful operation of the line; more than this, in such suggestions it has not been shown how the exact amount of inductance can be predetermined.

In my construction I carry my conductor in a helical path, which increases the inductance of the line to an extent that in some cases may be suflicient; and moreover I use a core of paramagnetic material about which the conductor is helically wound, which enables me to very materially further increase the inductance. As I can determine with exactness the various electrical and magnetic properties of the elements of my construction which bear upon the results, I can proportion the material-in' and the arrangement of the partsof my cables to accomplish the desired results with certainty, and moreover can so select and arrange them as to prevent complications which existed in suggestions which have at times been made, or'which might exist except for the proper materlal and arrangement which I show and heroinafter more specifically describe; and, particularly, when-in my construction a ma netizable core is used, the arrangement is such that'the' magnetization is so smallas to avoid any deleterious effects.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l diagrammatically shows the embodiment of my improvement in a long-distance transmission system. Fig. 2 shows a portion of Cable, .partly in section, embod ing the essential. elements of my invention, Fig. 2 being a section of the same with its sheathing, while Fig. 2 shows a section of the same .without sheathing. Fig. 3 is a portion of aconstruction intended to secure ermanency 1n the relatlvearrangement 0 parts,

while Fig. 3*- shows the same in section. Fig. 4,

shows a section of cable modified in certain details. Fig. 5 shows a portion of cable in which more detail of core and arrangement of conductors is illustrated, while Fig. 5 shows the same in section. Fig.6 shows aportion of ,cable modified, in form 'for mechanical requirements of manufacture. Figs. 7 8 and'9 show portions of three forms of cable with the parts properly proportioned for certain given conditlons and differing only T 9 sulation between the conducting material.

in arrangement, while Figs. 7 8, and 9 show respectivelythe sections of these different arrangements.

In Fig. 1 A is an electrical conductor, B is a core or support for the conductor, 6 is a source of electric energy, f is a key which, with c, shows conventionally means of impartin electrical impulses to the conductor A, w ile 9 indicates a connection to earth. It indicates an ,instrument to receive electrical impulses, and g indicates a connection to earth. C .isinsulation. The electrical impulses or waves emanati-n from 6 f pass along the conductor A to t e instrument h. In this drawing the conductor is shown as broken away in the middle, to indicate length.

In Figs. 2 and 2 the conductor A with its small amount of insulation is wound helically around the core B and this is incased in insulation C about which is the sheathing D which can be used to take the strain to which the cable may be subjected, while in other cases the construction shown in Fig. 2 without sheathing may be used and the strains. if there are any, taken by the core.

I In Figs. 3 and 3 the core B is so made as to present a helical groove which. is followed by the conductor A, while A is flattened as may be desirable in cases as hereinafter shown, and should the core be of electrically conducting material, A is insulated as shown. This construction might be used where the capacity of a line is. relatively small and the'desired inductance can be obtained simply from the helical disposition of the conductor, and where it might be desirable to avoid the use of a paramagnetic core.

In Fig. 4, the conductor in several strands A, properly insulated, is laid around the central portion of the stranded core B, so as to be substantially flush 'with the outer layer of the core B. mechanical advantages in afiording a more compact construction, in which also the outside strands of the core would cooperate to hold the conductor in its helical position; in addition to which I am 'hereby enabled to more completely fill the area inclosed by my helical conductor with paramagnetic ma terial. p

In Fi s. 5 and 5 the core B is shown more in detai revealing the strands, the construction which I would generally use in the practical embodiment of my invention. while my conductor as here shown consists of a plurality of wires, each individually insulated for mechanical simplicity, although the inand the core is primarily important, and which I may accomplish by wrapping the -.bunch of conductors within insulation in such a way that only the convolutions of the sets of conductors will be insulated from This would have each other. In this arrangement it will be seen that the conductors are wound in the opposite direction from the strands of the core, which under certain conditions will give me better electro-magnetic results. The conductor is wound in opposite directions from the strands of the core, so as to cross the latter more nearly at right angles, in view of which any eddy currents which might possibly be induced in the core strands will be reduced toa minimum.

F igs.- 1, 2, and 3, are diagrammatic.

Core B may or may not be iron, depending upon the amount of inductance desirable; If of iron, it is preferably composed of fine wires, as is indicated in Fig. 5.

In the use of my invention for certain conditions of line and also for possible mechanical requirements in construction I find that advantages may be obtained by using the arrangement as shown in Fig. 6. In this the conductor, or its several parts, is wound around the stranded core in the same direction as the surface strands of the core and for a certain length at the same pitch. This will insure the conductor fitting the surface of the core more closely, preventing among other. things displacement, while portions of the conductor are then wound at a decreased pitch, this increasing the number of turns sufficiently to give the required inductance.

In my construction of cable in all its various forms where a core of paramagnetic material is used, said core is of that material solely to increase the inductance of the line and is not intended to carry current.

In Figs. 7 8 and 9.there is showna practical form at cable designed to satisfy the conditions of a' c'onc'retecase. The onlyfliifz'.

ference int'he three figures is the disposition" of the conductor, except that'in Figs. 7 and 8 the strands of the corearsimply indicatedv I i as parallel to its axis, whereas in Fig. 9 the strands are shown in the preferred arrange -ment. I have here assumed a submarine cable with capacity and resistance such as are encountered in actual practice, and ,I have calculated the amount of inductance necessary to be given to such a line in order to permit the transmission of telephonic messages. Ifind 'then that in order to secure the propefamount of inductance, the din1ensions and arrangement of core and conductor are substantially as shown. In the three illustrations the. section of conductor is the same. In Fig. 8 the conductor is flattened. This permits of a more compact, mechanical construction and at the same time makes it a better conductor for rapidly alternating currents, as it affords alarger surface for the same cross section. It is true that this increased surface would also increase the capacity, but its mechanical arrangement permits a greater thickness of insulation for a given outside dlameter of cable, which 1 against parting of the conductor, and also to secure a most simple and commercially practicable method of manufacture. In this the conductor c onsists of a plurality of Wires, each insulate As an example, I shall consider a cable intended primarily forsubmarine wort, of a length of 2,000 nautical miles. Assuming a conductor of .164 square centimeters in area: having a resistance of 2 ohms to a nautical mile; and a capacity of 0.3 microfara-ds per nautical mile; and a core of 0.5 square centimeters in area, which will give 0.8 centimeters in diameter; the pitch of the helical conductor being equal to 2 centimeters. 'Then making allowance for the thickness of conductor and insulation, as well as the compression of the insulation and other minor features, the average diameter of the helix I bring to one centimeter. On such a line the length of the conductor is increased in the ratio of 1.85 to 1, and the resistance of the conductor, therefore, equals 3.7 ohms per nautical mile; allowing that the capacity is increased in the same propbn tion, it will be 0.555 microfarads per nautical mile. The value of the inductance. L, is equal to where L is the inductance in henries, a is me turns of the helix per centimeter, l is the length of the section of cable taken, in centimeters, is the permeability of the iron of the core, and A is the cross sectional area- -of the core. Taking the giyen values of the example, Where n is 0.5; 1 is 185320 centimeters; is 180; and A is0.5 square centimenter, I find that L is equal to 0.0524. The

i V attenuation constant will then be w Zr biz i 006 and the attenuation therefore will be:

' px nosxeooo and this fora cable of. 2,000 nautical miles, and this attenuation in my construction is, furthermore, independent of the frequency. As a partial basis of 'comparison to show the relat1ve entire impracticability of an ordinary cable, as compared with my conconsider "an ordinary cable of 2,000- Will be:'

1 l e 1T and this for frequencies of '500, 'but, moreover, it will vary with the frequency.

nautical miles, where the attenuation,

.herein specifically set forth, but what I de;

sire to secure by Letters Patent is a crinstruction of cable which will enable me to accomplish the results mentioned.

lVhat I claim as my intention is:---

1.. A cable consisting of a continuous-conductor, disposed helically about a supporting core, so as to counteract suitably the electrostatic capacity of the cable.

2. A cable consisting of a continuous conductor disposed helically about a support ing non-current carrying core, said core consisting ofst-randed paran'iagnetic material so as to secure a suitable amount of inductance to counteract the electrostatic capacity.

3. A cable consisting of a continuous conductor disposed helically about a supporting core, said core consisting of stranded paramagnetic material, insulating material surrounding and inclosing said core and conductor for suitably counteracting the electrostatic capacity of the cable.

4. An article of manufacture, a cable consisting of a core of high permeability, one or more conductors Wound helically about the same and insulated therefrom whereby any intentional leakage is prevented, insulation surrounding and inclosing said con ductor a'ndcore, and sheathing surrounding said insulation for the purpose of suitably counteracting the electrostatic capacity of the cable. I

5..A cable comprising a core consisting of fine Wires of high permeability, a conductor consisting of a plurality of parts constituting the sole currntcarrying member. said conductor helically disposed about said core and insulated therefrom, so as to counteract suitably the electrostatic capacity.

6. A cable comprising a core consisting of fine Wires of high permeability, and a conductor consisting of a plurality of parts each continuous, and all of said parts helically disposed about said core, insulation inclosing said conductor and core, so as to secure inductance to counteract suitably the electrostatic capacity. I

. 7. In a cable, a conductor so disposed helically substantially throughout the length of the cable as to have'inductance suflicient in amount to suitably counteract the electrostatic capacity, and avoid leakage and other! losses and disturbances, means whereby said conductor is Supported in its helical position, and insulation, all combined and as- -sociated to produce a substantially uniform mechanical construction.

8. In a long distance transmission line,

paramagnetic material, a conductor dis-' posed about the paramagnetic material so that they jointly form a source offinductance such as to suitably counteract the electrostatic capacity of the line, said disposition of the conductor relative to the paramagnetic material being of a nature whereby thelatter is not magnetized to a degree that would cause deleterious hysteresis oreddy current efi'ects.

9; A long distance electrical transmission system having a supporting core and nonleakage conducting means disposed helically about and continuously distributed along the same for suitably counteracting the effects of the uniformly distributed capacity.

10. An electric circuit consisting of a continuous conductor disposed helically'about a supporting non-current carrying core so as to counteract suitably the capacity of the circuit, said core consisting of stranded paramagnetic material.

11. An electric circuit comprising a conduc'to'r substantially continuously Wound to produce inductance sufficient in amount to suitably counteract the capacity of the circuit.

12. An electric circuit comprising a conductor substantially continuously Wound to produce inductance sufficient in amount to suitably counteract the capacity of the circuit, and a magneti'zable core for said cir-' cuit.

13. In an electric circuit, a conducting Wire substantially continuously wound to create inductance sufiicient in amount tosuitably counteract the" capacity of the circuit,

and a magnetizable core for said Wire extending substantially throughout the length thereof, the said core being metallically discontinuous or formed in disjointed sections.

14. In an electric circuit, the combination of a. magnetic core, a conductor so disposed about said core as to introduce inductance in a continuous manner throughout the length of the circuit so as to counteract suitably the capacity, and insulating material surrounding said conductor.

Ina system of electrical Wave transmission, a uniform Wave conductor consist-- ing of an electric conductor provided With means for increasing the effective inductance of the conductor uniformly throughout the length thereof Without pro'portionably increasing the resistance of said conductor.

16. A. long-distance electric transmission line having a non-current-carrying core, and an insulated conductor wound in an open coil about said core so as to neutralize suitably the electrostatic capacity of the line.

17. An electric circuit comprising a conductor substantially continuously Wound to produce inductance suflicient in amount to suitably counteract the capacity of the circuit, and a magnetizable core for said circuit. I

18. In an electric circuit, the combination of a magnetic core, a conductor so disposed about said core as to introduce inductance in a continuous manner throughout the length of the circuitso as to counteract adequately the electrostatic capacity of the circuit, and insulating material surrounding said con-,

ductor;

This specification signed and witnessed.

this 27th day of March, A. D. 1901.

J OHANNES H. CUNTZ. In the presence ofi WILLIAM B. GREEL'EY, ANTHONY N; .IEsBERA. 

